Structuring public cloud cost and usage data according to the FinOps Open Cost and Usage Specification (FOCUS) maps provider-level attributes like accounts, resources, services, and commitment discounts to standardized columns such as Billing Account ID, Resource ID, Service Name, and Commitment Discount ID. Expressing public cloud spend in this shared schema lets FinOps Practitioners analyze it alongside data center, data cloud platforms, SaaS, AI, and other Technology Categories, supporting unified decisions across the full technology estate.
Among technology categories, public cloud has the most comprehensive FOCUS adoption, with all major providers producing FOCUS-aligned cost and usage exports.
The following section may deviate from the definitions in the FOCUS specification for illustrative purposes.
Description: Allocated Method Details provides information about how resources are allocated when usage records are split to support cost allocation requirements. Allocated Method Details consists of a valid JSON object which contains an array consisting of key-value objects describing the one or mo…
View moreDescription: Allocated Method ID is the unique identifier for the allocated method defined by the service provider which was used for the Data Generator-Calculated Split Cost Allocation. This unique identifier can be used to find how the allocated charge was calculated in the provider’s docume…
View moreDescription: An Allocated Resource ID is an identifier assigned by the data generator which cost is being allocated to in a Data Generator-Calculated Split Cost Allocation. The Allocated Resource ID is used to understand what the cost is being allocated to in charges where the data generator is allo…
View moreDescription: The Allocated Resource Name is a display name which cost is being allocated to in a Data Generator-Calculated Split Cost Allocation. The Allocated Resource Name is used to understand what the cost is being allocated to in charges where the service provider is allocating costs to somethi…
View moreThe Allocated Tags column represents the set of tags assigned to tag sources which are specifically applicable to allocated charges resulting from a data generator-calculated split cost allocation.
View moreDescription: An availability zone is a provider-assigned identifier for a physically separated and isolated area within a Region that provides high availability and fault tolerance. Availability Zone is commonly used for scenarios like analyzing cross-zone data transfer usage and the corresponding c…
View moreDescription: Billed Cost represents the cost of a charge as invoiced by the invoice issuer in a given billing period. Billed Cost differs from Effective Cost when covering charges (e.g., prepaid or postpaid commitment purchases) are recorded separately from the covered charges to which they are appl…
View moreDescription: A Billing Account ID is a provider-assigned identifier for a billing account. Billing accounts are commonly used for scenarios like grouping based on organizational constructs, invoice reconciliation and cost allocation strategies. Column ID: BillingAccountId Display Name: Billing Accou…
View moreDescription: A Billing Account Name is a display name assigned to a billing account. Billing accounts are commonly used for scenarios like grouping based on organizational constructs, invoice reconciliation and cost allocation strategies. Column ID: BillingAccountName Display Name: Billing Account N…
View moreDescription: Billing Account Type is a provider-assigned name to identify the type of billing account. Billing Account Type is a readable display name and not a code. Billing Account Type is commonly used for scenarios like mapping FOCUS and provider constructs, summarizing costs across providers, o…
View moreDescription: Billing currency is an identifier that represents the currency that a charge for resources or services was billed in. Billing Currency is commonly used in scenarios where costs need to be grouped or aggregated. Column ID: BillingCurrency Display Name: Billing Currency
View moreDescription: Billing Period End represents the exclusive end bound of a billing period. For example, a time period where Billing Period Start is ‘2024-01-01T00:00:00Z’ and Billing Period End is ‘2024-02-01T00:00:00Z’ includes charges for January since Billing Period Start represents the inclusive st…
View moreDescription: Billing Period Start represents the inclusive start bound of a billing period. For example, a time period where Billing Period Start is ‘2024-01-01T00:00:00Z’ and Billing Period End is ‘2024-02-01T00:00:00Z’ includes charges for January since Billing Period Start represents the inclusiv…
View moreDescription: A Capacity Reservation ID is the identifier assigned to a capacity reservation by the provider. Capacity Reservation ID is commonly used for scenarios to allocate charges for capacity reservation usage. Column ID: CapacityReservationId Display Name: Capacity Reservation ID
View moreDescription: Capacity Reservation Status indicates whether the charge represents either the consumption of the capacity reservation identified in the CapacityReservationId column or when the capacity reservation is unused. Column ID: CapacityReservationStatus Display Name: Capacity Reservation Statu…
View moreDescription: Charge Category represents the highest-level classification of a charge based on the nature of how it is billed. Charge Category is commonly used to identify and distinguish between types of charges that may require different handling. Column ID: ChargeCategory Display Name: Charge Cate…
View moreDescription: Charge Class indicates whether a charge represents a correction to a previously closed billing period. Charge Class is commonly used to differentiate such corrections from all other charges, including both regularly incurred charges and corrections to open billing periods. Column ID: Ch…
View moreDescription: A Charge Description provides a high-level context of a row without requiring additional discovery. This column is a self-contained summary of the charge’s purpose and price. It typically covers a select group of corresponding details across a billing dataset or provides informati…
View moreDescription: Charge Frequency indicates how often a charge will occur. Along with the charge period related columns, the Charge Frequency is commonly used to understand recurrence periods (e.g., monthly, yearly), forecast upcoming charges, and differentiate between one-time and recurring fees for pu…
View moreDescription: Charge Period End represents the exclusive end bound of a charge period. For example, a time period where Charge Period Start is ‘2024-01-01T00:00:00Z’ and Charge Period End is ‘2024-01-02T00:00:00Z’ includes charges for January 1 since Charge Period Start represents the inclusive start…
View moreDescription: Charge Period Start represents the inclusive start bound of a charge period. For example, a time period where Charge Period Start is ‘2024-01-01T00:00:00Z’ and Charge Period End is ‘2024-01-02T00:00:00Z’ includes charges for January 1 since Charge Period Start represents the inclusive s…
View moreDescription: Commitment Discount Category indicates whether the commitment discount identified in the CommitmentDiscountId column is based on usage quantity or cost (aka “spend”). The CommitmentDiscountCategory column is only applicable to commitment discounts and not negotiated discounts. Column ID…
View moreDescription: A Commitment Discount ID is the identifier assigned to a commitment discount by the provider. Commitment Discount ID is commonly used for scenarios like chargeback for commitments and savings per commitment discount. The CommitmentDiscountId column is only applicable to commitment disco…
View moreDescription: A Commitment Discount Name is the display name assigned to a commitment discount. The CommitmentDiscountName column is only applicable to commitment discounts and not negotiated discounts. Column ID: CommitmentDiscountName Display Name: Commitment Discount Name
View moreDescription: Commitment Discount Quantity is the amount of a commitment discount purchased or accounted for in commitment discount related rows that is denominated in Commitment Discount Units. The aggregated Commitment Discount Quantity across purchase records, pertaining to a particular Commitment…
View moreDescription: Commitment Discount Status indicates whether the charge corresponds with the consumption of a commitment discount identified in the CommitmentDiscountId column or the unused portion of the committed amount. The CommitmentDiscountStatus column is only applicable to commitment discounts a…
View moreDescription: Commitment Discount Type is a provider-assigned name to identify the type of commitment discount applied to the row. The CommitmentDiscountType column is only applicable to commitment discounts and not negotiated discounts. Column ID: CommitmentDiscountType Display Name: Commitment Disc…
View moreDescription: Commitment Discount Unit represents the provider-specified measurement unit indicating how a provider measures the Commitment Discount Quantity of a commitment discount. The CommitmentDiscountUnit column is only applicable to commitment discounts and not negotiated discounts. Column ID:…
View moreDescription: Commitment Program Eligibility Details identifies the commitment programs that could potentially cover charges, subject to service provider constraints. By distinguishing the pool of spend that was eligible to be covered, Commitment Program Eligibility Details provides the fundamental d…
View moreDescription: The Consumed Quantity represents the volume of a metered SKU associated with a resource or service used, based on the Consumed Unit. Consumed Quantity is often derived at a finer granularity or over a different time interval when compared to the Pricing Quantity (complementary to Pricin…
View moreDescription: The Consumed Unit represents a provider-specified measurement unit indicating how a provider measures usage of a metered SKU associated with a resource or service. Consumed Unit complements the Consumed Quantity metric. It is often listed at a finer granularity or over a different time …
View moreDescription: Contract Applied is a set of properties that associate a charge with one or more contract commitments, denoted as key-value pairs in a JSON object. Contract Applied allows the practitioner to track the progress of the commitments to which they have agreed with a service provider. Column…
View moreDescription: Contracted Cost represents the cost calculated by multiplying contracted unit price and the corresponding Pricing Quantity. Contracted Cost is denominated in the Billing Currency and is commonly used for calculating savings based on negotiation activities, by comparing it with List Cost…
View moreDescription: The Contracted Unit Price represents the agreed-upon unit price for a single Pricing Unit of the associated SKU, inclusive of negotiated discounts, if present, while excluding negotiated commitment discounts or any other discounts. This price is denominated in the Billing Currency. The …
View moreDescription: Effective Cost represents the cost of a charge based on the resources used, services used, or contract commitments recognized in a given charge period. Effective Cost differs from Billed Cost when covering charges (e.g., prepaid or postpaid commitment purchases) are recorded separately …
View moreDescription: Host Provider Name is the name of the entity that provides the underlying infrastructure on which the resources or services of the Service Provider are deployed. In some instances, the host provider and the service provider are the same entity: the provider hosts their own services. In …
View moreDescription: Invoice Detail ID is the invoice-issuer-assigned identifier for an Invoice Detail record encapsulating charges in the corresponding billing period for a given billing account. This identifier allows FinOps practitioners to map specific line items from an invoice to the granular charge d…
View moreDescription: An Invoice ID is a provider-assigned identifier for an invoice encapsulating some or all charges in the corresponding billing period for a given billing account. Invoices are commonly used for scenarios like tracking billing transactions, facilitating payment processes and for performin…
View moreDescription: An Invoice Issuer is an entity responsible for issuing payable invoices for the resources or services consumed. It is commonly used for cost analysis and reporting scenarios. ColumnID: InvoiceIssuerName Display Name: Invoice Issuer Name
View moreDescription: List Cost represents the cost calculated by multiplying the list unit price and the corresponding Pricing Quantity. List Cost is denominated in the Billing Currency and is commonly used for calculating savings based on various rate optimization activities by comparing it with Contracted…
View moreDescription: The List Unit Price represents the suggested provider-published unit price for a single Pricing Unit of the associated SKU, exclusive of any discounts. This price is denominated in the Billing Currency. The List Unit Price is commonly used for calculating savings based on various rate o…
View moreDescription: Pricing Category describes the pricing model used for a charge at the time of use or purchase. It can be useful for distinguishing between charges incurred at the list unit price or a reduced price and exposing optimization opportunities, like increasing commitment discount coverage. Co…
View moreDescription: Pricing Currency is the national or virtual currency denomination that a resource or service was priced in. Pricing Currency is commonly used in scenarios where different currencies are used for pricing and billing. Column ID: PricingCurrency Display Name: Pricing Currency
View moreDescription: The Pricing Currency Contracted Unit Price represents the agreed-upon unit price for a single Pricing Unit of the associated SKU, inclusive of negotiated discounts, if present, while excluding negotiated commitment discounts or any other discounts. This price is denominated in the Prici…
View moreDescription:The Pricing Currency Effective Cost represents the cost of the charge after applying all reduced rates, discounts, and the applicable portion of relevant, prepaid purchases (one-time or recurring) that covered this charge, as denominated in Pricing Currency. This allows the practitioner …
View moreDescription: The Pricing Currency List Unit Price represents the suggested provider-published unit price for a single Pricing Unit of the associated SKU, exclusive of any discounts. This price is denominated in the Pricing Currency. The Pricing Currency List Unit Price is commonly used for calculati…
View moreDescription: The Pricing Quantity represents the volume of a given SKU associated with a resource or service used or purchased, based on the Pricing Unit. Distinct from Consumed Quantity (complementary to Consumed Unit), it focuses on pricing and cost, not resource and service consumption. Column ID…
View moreDescription: The Pricing Unit represents a provider-specified measurement unit for determining unit prices, indicating how the provider rates measured usage and purchase quantities after applying pricing rules like block pricing. Common examples include the number of hours for compute appliance runt…
View moreDescription: A Region ID is a provider-assigned identifier for an isolated geographic area where a resource is provisioned or a service is provided. The region is commonly used for scenarios like analyzing cost and unit prices based on where resources are deployed. Column ID: RegionId Display Name: …
View moreDescription: Region Name is a provider-assigned display name for an isolated geographic area where a resource is provisioned or a service is provided. Region Name is commonly used for scenarios like analyzing cost and unit prices based on where resources are deployed. Column ID: RegionName Display N…
View moreDescription: A Resource ID is an identifier assigned to a resource by the provider. The Resource ID is commonly used for cost reporting, analysis, and allocation scenarios. Column ID: ResourceId Display Name: Resource ID
View moreDescription: The Resource Name is a display name assigned to a resource. It is commonly used for cost analysis, reporting, and allocation scenarios. Column ID: ResourceName Display Name: Resource Name
View moreDescription: Resource Type describes the kind of resource the charge applies to. A Resource Type is commonly used for scenarios like identifying cost changes in groups of similar resources and may include values like Virtual Machine, Data Warehouse, and Load Balancer. Column ID: ResourceType Display…
View moreDescription: The Service Category is the highest-level classification of a service based on the core function of the service. Each service should have one and only one category that best aligns with its primary purpose. The Service Category is commonly used for scenarios like analyzing costs across …
View moreDescription: A service represents an offering that can be purchased from a provider (e.g., cloud virtual machine, SaaS database, professional services from a systems integrator). A service offering can include various types of usage or other charges. For example, a cloud database service may include…
View moreDescription: Service Provider Name is the name of the entity that provides the resources or services available for usage or purchase. These services can be built on top of infrastructure provided by a Host Provider, offered as fully integrated solutions, or include complementary offerings such as s…
View moreDescription: The Service Subcategory is a secondary classification of the Service Category for a service based on its core function. The Service Subcategory (in conjunction with the Service Category) is commonly used for scenarios like analyzing spend and usage for specific workload types across pro…
View moreDescription: A SKU ID is a provider-specified unique identifier that represents a specific SKU. SKUs are quantifiable goods or service offerings in a FOCUS dataset that represent specific functionality and technical specifications. Each SKU ID represents a unique set of features that can be sold at …
View moreDescription: SKU Meter describes the functionality being metered or measured by a particular SKU in a charge. Providers often have billing models in which multiple SKUs exist for a given service to describe and bill for different functionalities for that service. For example, an object storage servi…
View moreDescription: SKU Price Details represent a list of SKU Price properties (key-value pairs) associated with a specific SKU Price ID. These properties include qualitative and quantitative properties of a SKUs (e.g., functionality and technical specifications), along with core stable pricing properties …
View moreDescription: SKU Price ID is a provider-specified unique identifier that represents a specific SKU Price associated with a resource or service used or purchased. It serves as a key reference for a SKU Price in a price list published by a provider, allowing practitioners to look up detailed informati…
View moreDescription: A Sub Account ID is a provider-assigned identifier assigned to a sub account. Sub Account ID is commonly used for scenarios like grouping based on organizational constructs, access management needs, and cost allocation strategies. Column ID: SubAccountId Display Name: Sub Account ID
View moreDescription: A Sub Account Name is a display name assigned to a sub account. Sub account Name is commonly used for scenarios like grouping based on organizational constructs, access management needs, and cost allocation strategies. Column ID: SubAccountName Display Name: Sub Account Name
View moreDescription: Sub Account Type is a provider-assigned name to identify the type of sub account. Sub Account Type is a readable display name and not a code. Sub Account Type is commonly used for scenarios like mapping FOCUS and provider constructs, summarizing costs across providers, or invoicing and …
View moreDescription: The Tags column represents the set of tags assigned to tag sources that also account for potential provider-defined or user-defined tag evaluations. Tags are commonly used for scenarios like adding business context to cost and usage data to identify and accurately allocate charges. Tags…
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